POLO FOREST: WHERE THE FOREST KEEPS ITS SECRETS

Polo Forest is an important ecological landscape within the Aravalli region, supporting a diverse range of vegetation and wildlife. Its dry deciduous forests contain numerous tree species, medicinal plants, shrubs and climbers. The Harnav River and its surrounding water bodies also contribute to the ecological balance of the region, supporting different forms of plant and animal life. The forest is home to several wildlife species, including sloth bears, leopards, hyenas, jungle cats and flying squirrels. Its birdlife is equally remarkable, with species such as the Grey Hornbill and Brown-headed Barbet forming part of its avian diversity. Seasonal changes bring different experiences to the forest. Following the monsoon, the woodland becomes particularly lush, while winter attracts migratory birds to the region. These seasonal variations highlight the importance of the forest as a habitat for both resident and migratory species. Polo's biodiversity also extends beyond its visible wildlife. Its medicinal plants and diverse vegetation form an important part of the region's natural heritage. The forest reminds us that biodiversity is not simply a collection of different species; it is a connected system in which every plant, animal and water source plays a role in maintaining ecological balance.

Beyond its natural surroundings, Polo Forest holds the remains of an ancient settlement that once occupied an important position between Gujarat and Rajasthan. Historical accounts associate the establishment of the ancient Polo city with the Parihar rulers of Idar around the tenth century. The settlement later came under the control of the Rathod Rajputs of Marwar during the fifteenth century. The name Polo is believed to originate from the Marwari word Pol, meaning gate, reflecting the settlement's historical position as a gateway between the two regions. Today, the remains of the ancient settlement can be found scattered throughout the forest. Among its most notable structures are the Sharneshwar Shiva Temple, Sadevant Savlinga na Dera, Surya Mandir and Lakhena na Dera. These architectural remains feature intricate stone carvings, religious motifs and distinctive temple designs that provide insight into the craftsmanship and religious traditions of earlier generations. The settlement is believed to have gradually declined and been abandoned, although the precise reasons remain uncertain. Its location between the Kalaliyo and Mamrehchi hills is often mentioned in accounts of the ancient city's history. Today, these ruins stand as reminders of a settlement that once connected communities, kingdoms and cultural traditions across the region.

Polo Forest is more than a protected natural landscape or an archaeological site. It is also a place where local communities have maintained longstanding relationships with the surrounding woodland. The region has a strong connection with Adivasi communities, particularly the Bhil people, whose livelihoods and traditional knowledge are closely associated with the forest environment. Agriculture, animal husbandry and the use of forest resources have historically contributed to local livelihoods. Knowledge of medicinal plants and the surrounding natural environment also forms an important part of the region's cultural heritage. The presence of ancient temples within the woodland adds another dimension to this relationship. Some of these temples continue to be associated with religious practices, demonstrating how historical and spiritual traditions remain connected to the landscape. As Polo Forest receives increasing attention from visitors, balancing tourism with ecological protection has become essential. Unregulated camping, littering, excessive noise and disturbance to wildlife can affect the delicate forest environment. Responsible tourism should therefore involve respecting forest regulations, avoiding damage to historical structures, supporting local livelihoods and leaving natural habitats undisturbed. Polo demonstrates that conservation is not only about protecting trees and wildlife. It also involves recognising the communities, traditions and historical connections that make a landscape meaningful.